英语中含有more和less的用法非常复杂,由此构成的短语也比较丰富,但一个有趣的现象是,许多同学对more的用法见得比较多,对含有more的短语也比较熟悉,而对less的用法则相对比较生疏,至于含有less的短语,则见得更少。本文根据目前各版本的高中英语教材以及近年来的高考考点情况,对含有less的重要短语作一归纳。
less and less
与more and more的意思相反,表示“越来越小”“越来越少”。如:
I find I’m eating less and less meat. 我发现我肉吃得越来越少了。
Holiday flights are getting less and less expensive. 假日机票越来越便宜了。
As time went by we saw less and less of each other. 随着时间的流逝,我们见面越来越少了。
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在通常情况下,英语比较级前不用冠词,形容词最高级前用定冠词,副词最高级前可以用定冠词,也可以不用。如:
That is the best way to prevent such a thing happening again. 这是防止这样的事再次发生的最好办法。
The boss praised those who had worked (the) hardest. 老板表扬了那些工作最努力的人。
less than
与more than意思相反,主要用法有:
用于两者比较,意为“比……少(小)”。如:
I worry less than I used to. 我现在不像过去那么担心了。
The actual cost of the repairs was a lot less than we had expected. 实际的修理费用比我们预料的少得多。
指数量上“少于”“不足”。如:
The bullet missed his heart by less than an inch. 子弹射中的地方离他的心脏还不到一英寸。
Food prices increased by 10% in less than a year. 在不到一年的时间里,食品价格增长了10%。
表示轻微的否定,意为“不很”“并不是太”(主要见于美国英语中)。如:
The job was less than perfect. 这工作不十分理想。
The boys were less than happy about having a party. 开晚会男孩子们并不很高兴。
比较级前冠词使用规律
比较级前通常不用冠词,但有时也用,这主要见于以下情形:
当比较级后接名词时,比较级前可能用冠词,此时的冠词不是修饰比较级,而是修饰其后的名词。如:
Which of them is the better choice?—Well, it’s hard to tell. 他们谁是更合适的人选?——嗯,这很难说。
Some of the more time-consuming jobs can now be done by machines. 有些更费时间的工作现在可以用机器做了.
但是,若受比较级修饰的名词为表泛指的复数名词或不可数名词,则仍不用冠词。如:
He’s got more money than the rest of us (put) together. 他的钱比我们大家的加在一起的总数还多。
Fewer people write with their left hand than with their right. 用左手写字的人比用右手的少。
It has been announced that candidates ________remain in their seats until all the papers have been collected.
A. can
B. need
C. may
D. shall
答案:D
—Mike is often absent from class.
—Tell him he ______answer for it if he goes on behaving like that.
A. shall
B. will
C. would
D. can
答案:A
解析:本题考查情态动词shall的特殊用法。
shall用于第二、三人称的陈述句中,表示说话人的意图、允诺、警告、命令、决心等。本题主语为第三人称he, 此处表示说话者的警告语气。
句意:——Mike经常逃课。——告诉他如果他继续那样的话,他会为此付出代价的。